Arthrosis is a chronic disease in which degenerative-dynish changes occur in the joints.Arthrosis can interfere with the function of the joint, and in later stages, complete destruction of the joints and loss of motor functions may occur.
Arthrosis in women
The predisposition to arthrosis is genetically forwarded.The congenital properties or defects of the structure of connective tissue and joints (dysplasia) may affect the development of the disease, especially in combination with the factors acquired.The latter may be injuries, obesity and other diseases.
At the age of 45, arthrosis is diagnosed with 2-3% of women, but this percent increases more than ten times the age interval from 45 to 60 years.After 65 years, the symptoms of arthrosis are found in 70% of women.Men suffer a little less often from this disease.
Arthrosis in pregnant women
Arthrosis can significantly complicate the child's behavior in pregnant women.And not only because the increase in body weight increases significantly.During pregnancy, the use of certain drugs used to treat arthrosis should be excluded or significantly reduced.
Therefore, the pregnancy of a woman with arthrose arthrose is performed during the close interaction of a gynecologist, orthopedic and rheumatologist.Doctors jointly solve the issues related to arthrosis treatment, take medicines and prescribe a special system.A pregnant woman may have to wear special orthopedic tools aimed at facilitating the process of arthrosis and does not disturb the fetal bearing.
Arthrosis in menopause women
Women whose organization is integrated into the menopause period, due to changes in the hormonal background, is at risk of arthrosis of the joints.The health of bones, joints and ligaments depends on the level of estrogen.A decrease in female hormones, which is related to menopause, can lead to not only osteoporosis, but also to the beginning of the degenerative changes in the joints and the development of arthrosis.
Arthrosis in men
In the arthritis of the joints, men who abuse some type of physical exercise often develop in adulthood.Especially often this happens after a long break.In order to return the previous physical form, one can try to participate in the previous intensity.However, excessive load leads to arthrosis faster than embossed muscles.
Arthrosis in children
At an early age, arthrosis of the joints is rare, but there is still such a diagnosis.
Arthrosis in toddlers
The likelihood of arthrosis increases at an early age if the child has congenital disorders in the structure of the bone system.This may be the defects of the structure of the structure of the spine, the elbow or the structure of the knee joint.Changes in the geometry of the joint joint causes an overload that has an adversely affected the joints of the joint.At the same time, the muscles have not yet been developed enough to compensate for structure errors.
In arthrosis in adolescents
In adolescence, arthrosis can be associated with injuries received during sports or outdoor toys.Another reason is the not -so -balanced diet, the hormonal restructuring of puberty, and the rapid increase in bones by increasing the mass and strength of the muscles.
The joints of the lower limbs joints
Most often, large joints of the lower limbs suffer from arthrosis.But smaller joints are also damaged: for example, arthrosis of the fingers on the feet.
The knee joint is arthrosis (gonarthrosis)
The arthrosis of the knee is often found in men who have played heavy loads.Wise quantities of squat, with or without weight, can quickly wear the cartilage layer and the knee joint can cause arthrosis.
The first alarming signs of the arthrosis of the knee joint are typical crunches and joint clicks when you are moving.The pain comes later, which makes the patient not noticed for a long time the ongoing degenerative changes.
By timely treatment, you can overcome the arthrosis of the knee joint or at least suspend the disease.
Arthrosis of the ankle joint (crusardrosis)
The ankle joint is very mobile and performs important features when walking, running and jumping.Arthrosis of the ankle joint is only able to lead a person with disabilities in just a few years if treatment does not have to start in time.
But early diagnosis of arthrosis of the ankle joint remains problematic, as there is no nerve ending in the cartilage itself and the pain is not felt for a long time.Pathological changes develop, almost by no means feel.It is usually detected early in the early stages of arthrosis of the ankle joint.
The hip joint is arthrosis (coxarthosis)
Coksartrosis or arthrosis of the hip joint belongs to the most common and severe lesions of the joints of the lower limbs.As a general rule, the pain is missing for a long time.The pain is already when the joint is significantly destroyed.This is very dangerous as the hip joint carries the main load associated with body weight.
The leg joints are joint joints
Although arthrosis often affects large joints, smaller joints can suffer.The cause of the arthrosis of the leg joints is injuries, congenital disorders in the structure of the limbs, flat legs, uncomfortable shoes, work in which one spends a lot of time on his feet.Foot development can often cause vascular diseases, which causes the limb blood to be disrupted, as well as endocrine and metabolic diseases.
The protruding bone at the bottom of the thumb is very often exactly the arthrosis of the fingers.After deformation of the first joint, the process may spread to other fingers.
The joints of the upper limbs joint joints
Although the upper limbs are a lower load than the lower, the patient causes a lot of trouble in arthrosis of the joints.
The joints of the brush
According to statistics, this type of arthrosis is much more common in women than in men.And it usually manifests itself after the appearance of menopause, although the first symptoms of arthrosis may appear earlier.
Exactly arthrosis of the fingers joints is wrapped in the hands and the joints are made with hills, swollen and fingers - curves.
The joint deformation is very poorly influenced by fine motor skills.It becomes difficult not only to hold the small objects in your hand, put a thread in a needle, knit and write.During the aggravation, the sore fingers are not able to hold the spoon and the tea cup should be raised with both hands and then slides.
The elbow joint joint joint
This type of joint arthrosis is relatively rare.The cause of the disease is usually due to injuries, inflammatory diseases, hard work, and excessive enthusiasm for some sports.
Although the elbow joint usually does not carry a significant load, changes caused by arthrosis can thoroughly affect normal life.Violation of mobility can even deprive people of life of the ability to perform usual actions, including serving their own needs.
Shoulder joint joint joint joint
It is not very common for the shoulder joint arthrosis.If the pain is relatively rare in the early stages of the shoulder joint arthrosis, the situation is destroyed and the situation deteriorates.
The hand becomes painful to raise and turn, the pain rises heavily and the weather changes.Walking pain does not allow sleep: the patient does not find the position of the body in which the shoulder does not hurt.
The temporomandibular joint joint
If the arthrosis of the handhelds can interfere with the patient to be transmitted to the mouth with a spoon, then the arthrosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMS) is prevented from the mouth.But this is in the last stage of the disease when the jaw joint has undergone significant destruction and bones growth deprives mobility.
The cause of the disease is to violate bite, congenital or tooth loss.The development of arthrosis can cause injury and inflammatory processes in the joint.
Arthrosis of the spinal joints (spondylarthrosis)
Neck joints arthrosis develops due to a violation of bones and cartilage structure;Because of a long stay in the body's bad position.This may be due to injuries, inflammation, hard work, violation of spinal blood supply and many other factors.
Arthrosis of the spinal joints is dangerous as deformation of joints can lead to compression of nerve fibers, blood vessels, and blood vessels, which in turn can cause various abnormal symptoms.These are frequent headaches, migraine (ie spinal artery syndrome or so -called "cervix migraine"), hypertension, weakness and rapid fatigue, etc.Compression of blood vessels and nerve fibers can occur with 2nd degree spondil arthrosis.
Joint symptoms
Symptoms of arthrosis of the legs of the legs
Pain, usually missing in the early stages of the disease.But you can see that the joint can click, crack, and sometimes very loud.
If joint treatment is not treated, movement without reed or crutches can become problematic.And in the most severe cases, the patient completely loses the ability to move independently.Gonarthrosis, hips and ankle joints are particularly difficult.
Joint symptoms of joints
Arthrosis of the hand joints in the deformation of the fingers: they can bow, the joints are swollen, and thickeners and hills appear on them.During the aggravation, the sore joints will be hot and painful.The fingers of arthrosis prevent accurate movements, the fingers obey.
Symptoms of shoulder joint arthrosis are expressed, inter alia, in limiting mobility.If a healthy shoulder joint is able to make a variety of movements with a large amplitude, then the arthrosis of the shoulder joint, it can become impossible, even to lift the hand.
Symptoms of arthrosis of the temporomandibular joint
The symptoms of jaw -charter arthrosis are no different from others.This is crisp during movement, limiting the joint mobility.In fact, in the absence of treatment, the patient may usually lose the ability to open his mouth, and even clearly.With the development of the disease, the pain appears, increasing from the load and during the raw, cold weather.
Symptoms of spondylarthrosis
In the early stages, spondil -arthrosis appears only in the back.The discomfort makes the patient more often than usual and change the position of the body.With the development of the disease, the pain appears.At first, it is not strong, but very stubborn and intrusive, then constant and exhausting.
Joint shapes
Primary and secondary joint
It is called primary or idiopathic arthrosis, the causes of which cannot be detected.This applies to the hereditary forms of arthrosis, including.
Secondary arthrosis is the result of various pathological processes of the body, which can cause changes in the joints.It can be injuries, poor lifestyle, hard work or illness.In particular, arthrosis can develop due to arthritis, as well as vascular, endocrine disorders and autoimmune diseases.Arthrosis for diabetes mellitus, gout, destruction of endarteritis, etc.
Localized and generalized joint
Localized joint artrosis is characterized by the spread of 1-2 joints.Localized arthrosis includes the hip joint artrosis, gonarthrosis, cruarthrosis, temporomandibular joint, etc.
The joint reasons
Causes of primary arthrosis
Primary arthrosis can develop for obscure reasons that cannot always be detected.Famous risk factors include congenital and genetically transmitted characteristics.
Construction of disorders
The structure of the skeleton, bones and ligaments plays a major role in joint development.This may be due to both violations of the structure of the bones, cartilage and connective tissues, as well as inadequate formation of bones and joints.
Hereditary predisposition
Genetic disorders can lead to disorders in the synthesis of cartilage, connective tissue or joint fluid.
Causes of secondary arthrosis
Injuries
As a result of fractures, cracks and improper fusion, the natural shape of the joint may change and blood supply is disturbing.This is the reason why, in 20-30% of cases, the cause of large and small joint arthrosis is the cause of injuries.
Overload
With too much physical activity of the joints of the joints, they get a microtrauma, which over time leads to a change in the quality and destruction of the cartilage.
Obesity
Excessive weight significantly increases the load on the spine and lower limbs.This factor accelerates and weights the arthrosis of coxarthrosis, ankle and knee joints.
The joints of the joints
The inflammatory processes of the joints are called arthritis and often prevent the development of arthrosis.Arthritis occurs with rheumatism and rheumatoid arthritis, gout and psoriasis.
Endocrine
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most significant factors in joint development.But other endocrine diseases and conditions may have a negative effect.In particular, menopause -related hormonal changes significantly increase the joint risk of mature women.
A violation of metabolic processes
Metabolic diseases also contribute to arthrosis of the joints.It is gout, osteoporosis and others.Incorrect metabolic processes play a negative role in the absorption of calcium, the synthesis of proteins, and other elements needed for bones, cartilage, tapes, etc.To preserve its normal structure, etc.
Blood supply disorders
Atherosclerosis, varicose veins and other blood vessels lead to violation of blood supply and to bones and joints.Due to the lack of nutrition, their strength is reduced and the risk of arthrosis appears.
Hypodynamics
Lack of movement is harmful to the whole body and the muscle bone system.The lack of physical activity negatively affects the blood supply to each organ and systems and often leads to obesity and stagnation.
The joint diagnosis
Arthrosis can be similar to other diseases that require a different treatment method.The correct diagnosis is very important for starting the treatment of arthrosis and choosing an optimal methodology on time.
Arthrosis suspects during the initial examination based on the patient's complaint.But this is not enough to make an accurate diagnosis.
One of the most wondering methods is still an X -try test: the changes in the joint are clearly visible on the X -ray.The degree of changes in the picture allows the degree of development to determine the degree of development.
In addition to radiography, thermographic examination, ultrasound, calculated and magnetic resonance imaging are also used.
Other studies are conducted for differential diagnostics.Especially rheumatoid samples, detailed blood tests, determination of uric acid levels, etc.
Treatment of joint treatment
How to treat joint treatment?
The most important thing that a patient with arthrosis should be remembered is that treatment should be carried out under the supervision of professionals.Arthrosis cannot be cured by home methods.In fact, if the disease has developed in 2-3 stages, it will not fully restore the affected joint.
Treatment of joint treatment: medicine
The joint treatment of the joints should be comprehensive.Medicinal treatment is based on Chondroprotectors - drugs that promote the elasticity and strength of their strength that improve the structure of the cartilage tissue.
Condroprotectors are available in different forms:
- capsules and tablets;
- In solutions of intramuscular and intraarticular injection.
Condroprotectors are particularly effective at the early levels of arthrosis, but their use is also advised to treat advanced stages of the disease.
To relieve pain, various anesthesia and painkillers are prescribed in the form of creams, local use gels, or injections.
Sodium -dichlofenac, orthophenic and metindol -based non -sertoid anti -inflammatory drugs are used to relieve the affected arthritis.
Muscle cramps are retracted as a result of Miorelaxant drugs.
In addition, drugs are prescribed that contribute to the improvement of blood microcirculation.The use of vitamins is possible as an additional substance.
Treatment of joint methods with surgical methods
In the late stages of the joint, when the joint is significantly destroyed and is not borrowed for medical treatment, the joint surgical operations can be performed.
Types of surgical treatment of arthrosis:
- Artroplasty in which mobility may return to the affected joint;
- Artrodesis aimed at ensuring the movement of the joint;
- joint resection, ie complete or partial removal of the affected elements of the joint;
- The prostheses in which the damaged and destroyed parts are replaced by artificial elements.
Massage, physiotherapy during joint treatment
Physiotherapeutic treatment plays a very important role in combating joint symptoms.The patient is prescribed by massage, laser and magnetic treatment, acupuncture and other types of treatments.
Treatment courses should be repeated regularly.
Treatment of arthrosis sanatorium resort
Many sanatoriums specialize in the treatment of arthrosis, especially those located near the therapeutic mud deposits and specialize in the mud.
Patients in arthrosis are indicated by therapeutic baths and heating, but this should be done under strict medical examination.Mudlit has restrictions and contraindications.
Articular
Grade 1 is a joint
The early degree of arthrosis is shown by insignificant symptoms that cannot be easily noticed:
- Some stiffness of movements, especially after relative mobility;
- pain at the beginning of the movement, disappears in a few minutes;
- Easy squeaking, crunchy, clicks in the joint while moving;
- Pain after and during the physical effort, after rest.
X -rays also show minor changes in the structure of the joint, including the appearance of small bone growth along the edges of the joint joint and slightly expressed in the joint gap.
Grade 2 is a joint
For 2 degrees of arthrosis, all symptoms appear more severe:
- More noticeable restriction of joint mobility;
- With any movement, we hear a crack and crunch in the sore joint;
- The pain of arthrosis of degrees 2 becomes more frequent and sharp;
- The "beginner" pains do not disappear for a longer period of time after moving;
- X -Gray on the joint deformation and the increase in osteophytes are clearly visible;
- Degram 2 arthrosis causes significant narrowing of the joint gap and can be noticeable shortening the sore limb.
With the development of 2 degrees arthrosis, performance is reduced and certain types of activities become impossible.
3 degrees of arthritis
3 degrees of arthrosis are characterized by severe damage to the joint:
- Bone tissue growth and fluid accumulation lead to joint growth in the joint bag;
- The movements are significantly limited, sometimes the patient can only fluctuate with the affected limb;
- Increasing the sensitivity of weather changes;
- Strong pain practically does not leave the patient in motion or tranquility;
- The muscles around the painful joint are constantly cramping and gradually starting atrophy due to energy illnesses;
- The joint gap is practically not visible on the X -ray, and deformation of the surfaces of the joint elements is very expressed;The joint is surrounded by the growth of bone tissue, the destruction of intraarticular structures and sclerotic changes in the surrounding tissues are noticeable.
Grade 4 is a joint
Despite the fact that the generally accepted classification of arthrosis, which consists of 3 degrees, is sometimes the most severe, 4 degrees.The joint deforming arthrosis at this stage of the disease takes the most serious shape: the joint is completely destroyed and loses its functions.At the same time, the patient experiences such severe pain that even minor movements become impossible.The pain does not stop even with severe medicines.
On X -Gray, the joints affected bones, joints, expressed sclerotic changes.
At this stage, deforming arthrosis can only be stopped with a surgical operation to protect the destroyed joint.
Preventing a joint
The health of the joints should be taken from young people.Prevention of arthrosis is noticed for your health and seeking the doctor in time, when the first symptoms of arthrosis appear, they are still slightly expressed.
Prevention measures include the optimal maintenance of body weight.
Do not participate in traumatic sports, exercise excessively diligently and irrational.It is also dangerous in the sport to be large breaks, after which the previous load can be devastating for the joints and can cause arthrosis.
We recommend that you provide adequate rational nutrition except for alcohol, greasy, spicy and canned food.Smoking is absolutely necessary to maintain the health of blood vessels.
For women, it is always relevant to avoid tight, high -ranking shoes.And during the menopause, the issue of hormone replacement therapy should be competently approached so as not to expose the body to hormonal stress that can provoke arthrosis.
As injuries become a general cause of arthrosis, bones, joints and other injuries should be avoided as much as possible.
The joint exercises
Joint therapeutic gymnastics is very important as well as sufficient physical activity to prevent the disease.
The doctor selects special exercises for arthrosis, but there are some general recommendations.
- Joint exercises should not cause pain.
- The intensity of the load should not be high, the overloads are harmful.
- The movements are performed at a slow or medium speed with a moderate amplitude.
- Swimming is very useful and Aqua-aerobic in a warm pool.
- Joint exercises should be done for a long time without breaks.Preferably always.